Essay on The Journey or The Transformation Which is More...

As humans contemplate on their meaning of existence, they embark upon a journey of transformation. This journey of transformation is a voyage embarked on to discover the true meaning to one’s own self, where the destination, or the transformation, occurs when one completes his journey. Each individual has a unique journey and destination to transformation that helps shape who they are. However, there is much debate about whether the journey of transformation is more about the transformation, or the journey itself. Although the transformation is the end result on who we are to be, the path that leads us there, the journey we humans take on is the most influential aspect of the journey of transformation, as seen through the ideas of action,†¦show more content†¦Each separated in its own respective chapter, the four yogas aim to teach us how one can live a selfless life, void of immoralities. Understanding these four paths is critical in comprehending that the journey in itself is more valuable than the end result. Karma Yoga, or the path of action, stresses the fact that any action performed should be righteous action in the name of Krishna. The righteous action is for the sake of the action and not the end result that it yields and how we should not allow the results or the fruits of our actions determine the cause for the original intent of the action. Krishna goes on to tell how Arjuna can make his action selfless action in this quote: â€Å"Therefore, without being attached to the fruits of activities, one should act as a matter of duty, for by working without attachment one attains the Supreme†¦Therefore, O Arjuna, surrendering all your works unto Me, with full knowledge of Me, without desires for profit, with no claims to proprietorship, and free from lethargy, fight.† (Bhagavad Gita Ch. 3:19, 30) The â€Å"Supreme† Krishna is telling Arjuna about is the unifying of one’s soul with Krishna, thus achieving the eternal peace, nirvana. In order to achieve the supreme, one must be performing an action for the sake of the action much like how when we embark upon the journey of transformation, we continue on the journey, for the sake of the journey, and not the transformation. 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The Article “Editorial Defunding Planned Parenthood Hurts

The article â€Å"Editorial Defunding Planned Parenthood hurts the healthcare system,† states that Republicans, who dominate control in Congress, prioritize to defund Planned Parenthood. This proposal has been proposed previously, but it has not been able to surpass Obama’s veto. Since this is no longer the case, Republicans are now taking action to remove all federal funding such as Medicaid reimbursements. The proposed removal of funds is due to the fact that Planned Parenthood is associated with abortions, which are not highly supported but also ostracized by Republicans. However, Planned Parenthood provides many other reproductive services: â€Å"breast examinations, cervical cancer screenings, testing and treatment for sexually transmitted†¦show more content†¦Many of these healthcare services would be difficult to get elsewhere since many are covered by Medicaid reimbursements. When taking numbers into consideration an estimate of â€Å"390,000 [women] served by Planned Parenthood would lose access to care in the first year after defunding† (The Times Editorial Board 2017). This situation will only make the health system worse by leaving certain categories of people at stake for the pleasure of others, Republicans as the authors of the article would describe this issue as petty and punitive. Also, in regards to the violation of women’s rights, the government is stepping in by already making a decision for women due to the fact that many will be unable to receive contraception, a service provided by the organization, which will result in an increase in pregnancies. Additionally, the removal of federal funding of Planned Parenthood is a social problem by definition, since it is an issue that affects negatively a person in this case women’s state of being in society. Also, from the four factors that define a social problem, one of them being cultural values defines this issue as a social problem because two differ ent values clash with each other. Those values pertain to be pro-life at the standpoint and the ideology of the Republics

English Syllabus free essay sample

Create a final research or scholarly paper employing an acceptable format for citation and documentation and that meets standard academic and specific course requirements. Required Texts: Students are required to purchase both texts, and to bring They Say/ Say to lass every meeting. Both texts can be purchased from Shakespeare Co. On Lexington Avenue. Gerald Graff, Cathy Bernstein, and Russell Durst. They Say/ Say: The Moves That Matter in Academic Writing with Readings 2nd Deed. New York: W.W. Norton Company, 201 1. ISBN: 0393912752 Price: $50 Hacker, Diana. A Writers Reference, 7th deed. New York: Bedford SST. Martins, 2010. ISBN-1 3: 0312601433 pence: $65 (editions and prices are subject to change) Course Requirements: Along with in-class reading and writing exercises, students are required to rite a diagnostic essay, two in-class essays, two 2-5 page typed essays, a 5-8 page documented research paper with a works cited page, an annotated bibliography, and a final essay exam.Portfolio: Students are also required to submit a final portfolio of their work during the last week of classes. We will write a custom essay sample on English Syllabus or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The portfolio will contain: -A cover letter -The diagnostic essay -One in-class essay, unrevised -One take-home essay, revised -The final research paper, with one early draft -The annotated bibliography Your portfolio must be complete to receive a passing grade for the semester. The final research paper (along with the bibliography) must receive a passing grade or no credit will be given for the course. Portfolios are evaluated by a pair of graders in addition to your instructor. Grading policy: Grades are based on Participation/Group Work/Attendance 15% In-Class Writing/ reading quizzes Essays (10% each; includes 1 in-class and 2 formal) 30% Research Paper + Annotated Bibliography 40% Final Exam Class Policies: Pass/Fail Attendance/Tardiness: You are entitled to miss three classes without negative consequence.Additional absences will result in a deduction from our final grade in the following manner: a fourth absence will reduce your final average by two percentage points; a fifth absence will reduce it by five percentage points; a sixth by ten percentage points; seven absences will result in a falling mark for the course. Please note that a failing mark for seven absences is the policy of the English department and is not flexible. If you have absences in excess of seven you will need to provide a doctors note of excuse in order to be eligible to receive a passing grade for the co urse.If there are extenuating circumstances for any absences you will need to speak tit me regarding the matter as soon as possible. When absent, it is your responsibility to find out what you missed and obtain the necessary information from another student. Attendance is taken at the beginning of class. If you are late it is your responsibility to let me know after class. Three latenesss are counted as an absence. If consistent lateness is a problem, your final grade will be reduced. If you are more than fifteen minutes late to class, this will count as an unexcused absence.Electronic devices, such as cell phones, MPH/CD players, etc. Are prohibited. Computers/laptops/pads and other similar tablets are permitted for annotating, etc. Please note that using your phone during class is not acceptable and your participation grade will be reduced significantly. Plagiarism: Plagiarism and cheating will not be tolerated. Plagiarism is defined as word- for-word copying without acknowledgment of the language or ideas of another writer. Obviously, having another person write or dictate all or part of ones composition is forbidden.In addition, a writer should copy no printed passage, no matter how brief, without acknowledging its source and either placing it in quotation marks or setting it aside as a blocked quotation. This applies to even the briefest of phrases if they are truly individual and distinctive. Hunter College Academic Integrity Statement: Hunter College regards acts of academic dishonesty (e. G. , plagiarism, cheating on examinations, obtaining unfair advantage, and falsification of records and official documents) as serious offenses against the values of intellectual honesty.The college is committed to enforcing the CUNY Policy on Academic Integrity and will pursue cases of academic dishonesty according to the Hunter College Academic Integrity Procedures. Hunter College Academic Accommodation Statement: In compliance with the American Disability Act of 1990 (DAD) and with Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, Hunter College is committed to ensuring educational parity and accommodations for all students with documented disabilities and/or medical conditions.It is recommended that all students with documented disabilities (Emotional, Medical, Physical and/or Learning) consult the Office of Accessibility located in Room 1124 East to secure necessary academic accommo dations. For further information and assistance please call (212-772-4857) /TTY (212-650-3230). How to be successful in this class: Come to class on time and prepared to participate. Participation includes having assignments completed, bringing needed materials, contributing to discussions in a positive manner, and working on what is assigned during the class period.Know when writing assignments are due. Know when reading should be completed. Keep all of your work. Do not throw anything away. Ask questions. It is your responsibility to find out what you need to know in order to be successful in your academic endeavors, as well as in the other areas of your life. Check the class Blackboard site at least once a week. Course Schedule: This schedule is subject to change at the instructors discretion. Readings are to be completed by day they are listed in the Course Schedule.

Collaboration in Combating Environmental †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Collaboration in Combating Environmental. Answer: Introduction: Technology and environment are one of the important aspects of the society which are influenced by a number of factors in the society. The globalization of the modern world economy has made it easier for the different parts of the world to spread the technology and the issues related to it. In due time it has become possible for the different people and the society to understand the change in the society due to technology. the technological advancements have caused a great harm to the technology in the long run all the while devising new and better measures to address the problems affecting the environment, giving rise to situation known as the technology-environment paradox management (Narula, 2014). In this context one should also pay heed to the green crime in the society affecting the environment. the green crime is the term explaining the different aspects of the harm done to the environment because of human actions. In the essay the various philosophies relating to the technolo gy environment paradox are also analyzed. The green crime is one of the major issues in the society with the advent and the acceptance of technology as one of the major asset as assisting the growth in the society (Stanley, 2018). the technology environment paradox is one of the major issues that must be assisted by the different factors affecting the technological interventions in the society. The different sociological factors leading to the acceptance of the technology in the normal lives of the people is leading to an issue of causing a number of different environmental problems in the society. Despite the different factors affecting the green crime in the society technology is also used in the modern society to re-establish the ecological balance in the society (Cheng-xiao, 2006). The rising pollution is one of the major issues which is the result of the different technological innovations and the advancements in the modern society. In this context the different technological innovations used in the reestablishment of t he ecological balance by aiding the environment is to be considered. The technology environment paradox is very interrelated to each other and the different aspects of the paradox helps in the mitigating the effects of the green crime in the society. The technology is used to invent a number of things which are not good for the environment and its development such as plastic and then the pollution is mitigated by using a better developed technology to make this product recyclable and use it for the overall sustainable development of the society. one of the most important ways the green crime and the technological innovations can be co-related is the mining industry. The mining process and the re-establishment of the ecological balance of the area after the mining is over is one of the major and important example of the Technology environment paradox in the purview of the green crime in the society. The mining of an area for resource is one of the most important action of mankind which uses the technological innovations and is very important for the sustainable development of the technology in the society today. The mining process of requires deep tunneling process over large areas for a long period of time which greatly affects the ecological biome of the area. This process can be considered a green crime with the use of technology and for the development of technology as it affects the flora and fauna of the area. In most countries after the mining is done a process called the mine site rehabilitation is followed, the mine site rehabilitation is the process, which used the modern technologies for the better restoration of the environment of the area which has been mined along with its flora and fauna. The restoration of the ecological balance of the area using the different technological interventions ascertains the proper restoration of the environmental balance of the areal along which shows the balance of technology and environment on each other. The different philosophies relating to the technology environment paradox management helps in understanding the different issues that the societys perception helps in the acceptance of the technology as an important factor affecting and influencing the different aspects of sustainable development. The different factors affecting the different perspectives of the individuals are based on the different opinions they have about the technology in the society. Technicism is the excessive belief on the benefits of the technology to the society. Technicism is the popular belief system which makes individuals think that they control their entire existence using technology. this accepts green crime as the acceptable cost of development and the technology environment paradox as the costly necessity (Pink White, 2016). Optimism is the general opinion that the technological innovations have a positive impact on the social development. Technological development is opined to be overall good for the sustainable development in the society. in this philosophy the technology environment paradox can be considered ideal for the developed sustainable society and the green crime is tolerated in the lieu of the innovation and development (Williams, Jones Buntting, 2015). Pessimism of technology the opinion where the technology is seen as a barrier and the hinderance to the natural development within a society. the different opinions relating to the various aspects of the pessimism see the technology as threat to the sustainable development as the cognitive development (Webster, 2016). In this opinion the technology environment paradox is favored in the support of environmental development and the green crime is frowned upon as the cause of environmental deterioration. Among the given philosophies optimism has the strongest grounds for the technology environment paradox and the technicism has the weakest. The optimism philosophy can be considered as the strongest support to the given scenarios as it aims towards the acceptance of the positive effects of technology and uses it for the betterment of the overall mankind and the society. In supporting the opinion optimism takes into account the different factors that help in the development of technology and environment in cohesion. Technicism is the weakest opinion in this context as it negates the ill effects of the various green crimes on the environment in favor of technological development. This is considered relatively negative for the different aspects relating to the overall development of the society as it will lead to a number of ill effects on the environment. Technicism is not sustainable for the survival of the human kind and can be considered negative as dependence on it will lead to grad ual downfall of mankind. Therefore, from the above discussion it can be concluded that the different aspects affected by the technology often have an ill effect on the ecological balance of the area. The green crime is of the major issues faced but the society and optimism philosophy along with proper balance between the technology environment paradox is necessary for the survival of the mankind. The sustainable development in the global society of today should focus on the different aspects of the society which will help in its overall development. It is also seen that among other there are a number of different philosophies but adherence to them will harm the mankind as either the environment of the technology will be lost in the long run and both are necessary for human survival. References Cheng-xiao, Z. O. U. (2006). Technology-Environment Paradox" and the Natural Attribute of Technology [J].Science Technology and Dialectics,1. Narula, R. (2014).Globalization and technology: Interdependence, innovation systems and industrial policy. John Wiley Sons. Pink, G., White, R. (2016). Collaboration in Combating Environmental CrimeMaking it Matter. InEnvironmental crime and collaborative state intervention(pp. 3-19). Palgrave Macmillan, London. Stanley, J. (2018). How Propaganda Works, Precis.Philosophy and Phenomenological Research,96(2), 470-474 Webster, M. D. (2016, March). Examining philosophy of technology using grounded theory methods. InForum Qualitative Sozialforschung/Forum: Qualitative Social Research(Vol. 17, No. 2). Williams, P. J., Jones, A., Buntting, C. (Eds.). (2015).The future of technology education. Springer Singapore.

Accupuncture essays

Accupuncture essays Imagine having crippling back pain as you arise out of bed every morning, or sharp pains in your shoulders and knees that no longer allow you to perform up to your actual ability. Whether it is in athletics, at work, or even just through out your daily life these problems can hinder you from being able to perform at your best. Imagine a therapy that can cure these physical disabilities, relieve stress, and put an end to depression. Acupuncture is an alternative means of therapy that can do just that. People use acupuncture for many different bodily illnesses, mental illnesses, and addiction problems. One expert states that it can be performed in numerous ways including using heat, pressure, friction, suction, and sending impulses of electromagnetic energy to specific anatomic points in the body, but most commonly performed using needles. (Cook, 1999) Today there are many options when choosing an approach for improved health and health care. Not only are we making intense progress in modern medicines, but also the use of alternative medicines is widely increasing. One form of alternative medicine that is widely used today is acupuncture. Acupuncture has been a complete system of treatment for at least two thousand years. First documented in ancient China, acupuncture over the past two thousand years, has continued to evolve and develop. Along with the growing use of this alternative form of treatment, more people in the western culture must be informed of the many benefits that can be received with this type of therapy. More people must know their current options in todays medicine. Acupuncture is an ancient form of healing that has proven safe and effective in treating a variety of conditions. Many people are unaware of what acupuncture really is. According to J.M. Helms (2001), Acupuncture is a method of encouraging the body to promote natural healing and improve functioning. This is done by inserting needles an...

How to Get Connections Without Going to Networking Events

How to Get Connections Without Going to Networking Events However you feel about networking, it works and it’s necessary. If you hate networking events- whether you’re antisocial, shy, or just really tired of that scene- chances are you avoid going to them as often as you can, and when you do go, you’re probably not at your best. The good news is, most events are probably not worth your time anyway. People at events are often distracted, excited, and dealing with their own social anxiety. And just throwing business cards around doesn’t really do much for building quality relationships- it just gets you quantity of potential contacts, which doesn’t necessarily convert. What you’re after is quality. And you can easily achieve that without going to events.Here are a few strategies for how to get connections in other, better ways.Talk About Your ProjectsYou’re working on an exciting and challenging new project. Why not ask friends and colleagues if they know anyone who would be particularly suite d and/or willing to answer a few questions you may have about some unbelievably cool aspect of your project- or just one with which you’re not quite yet superstar familiar? Benefits: instant icebreaker, friends-of-friends connection, personal intro, and built in reasons to follow-up. Just be careful you only use this when you have a project or problem worth implementing the phone tree for.VolunteerVolunteering is a great way to meet people, particularly ones with similar values and interests. And it pads out you resume as well. Try to pick something that has at least some tangential connection to your industry or field- that way the people you meet are more likely to be able to help you down the line.Use Social Media with SavvyIt’s right there waiting for you and you can do it all in your pajamas. Start with LinkedIn- that’s what it’s for. There are over 400 million people on the site, and almost all of them for the same reason: to build their networks. C heck out the â€Å"Professionals Like You† tab, a virtual meet-up for people in similar situations and industries. Check out your peers, and send the occasional cold (but carefully personalized!) outreach message. Let people know you’re looking to build up your network and to recommend anyone they know that might be in your industry. Also try joining groups or chats or webinars. You’ll never know who you might meet.Reach Out to Who You KnowYou can beef up your network simply by talking to people you already know. That’s way less daunting. Milk your friends, colleagues, and connections for anyone they know who might be a good fit for you, or vice versa. Get their contact info, and, voila! You just networked. And on the bright side: you have a better intro to them than you would if you just sidled up at the hors d’oeuvres table.

Risk Analysis of Global Beauty Cosmetics Center Essay

Risk Analysis of Global Beauty Cosmetics Center - Essay Example 34). Table 1 shows a summary of the key findings of GBCC's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats, and trends (SWOTT). Using the table and the categories (distribution, supply chain, social, and cultural) briefly discussed above, GBCC can better manage its risks by focusing on doing some activities well to develop its own unique competitive advantage. Understand customers. GBCC has to know its clients and what they want. Depending on their clientele (age range, social status, disposable income, etc.), GBCC can be more specific in offering the right types and volumes of products and services at the right price points. It can also decide where to locate its shops in the neighborhood or inside a shopping mall or office building, and select the appropriate staff and operating hours for each location. Train its workers. Like other service companies, people play a very important role for business success. More than just training workers in hairstyling, body care, or wellness strategies, GBCC must get workers with the right chemistry that will provide customers a unique experience, making them keep on coming back and telling their friends about it. Although it is important that customers come out of the center looking and feeling beautiful, it is the relationship that they forge with GBCC workers, who must get to know their most intimate feelings, that creates value, leads to profit margins, and increased revenues from repeat services. Understand suppliers. Costa Rica has a thriving pharmaceutical industry that services the growing cosmetics industry (CRHC, 2006). There are several competitors in the same business that source their products and services from the same suppliers. GBCC should ensure that products meet high standards. Manage operations. Service companies deal with different types of people who come in as customers wanting to feel beautiful and leave either as friends who got what they wanted or enemies who will never return or, worse, speak badly of the

Successful traits Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Successful traits - Essay Example Even if the subject of discussion was boring, his ridiculous accent and style made it interesting. X chose to be in the company of the most capable students in the class. Most of the time, he would be with A, B, and C who used to score the first three positions. In the start, X was very bad at studies. Then X did combined study with A, B, and C who were also friends with one another. With the passage of time, X’s grades started to improve. He was respected in the class because of his company. Now that we have graduated, B has taken X abroad with him and has offered him accommodation so that X can easily manage the expenses of his further studies. I bet that had X not been friends with B, his future would have been much different and most probably, not as good as it is now. X chose the right friends at the right time who helped him find the right path for him. Thus, X was destined to be successful!

Collaboration and Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Collaboration and Ethics - Essay Example Effective strategies should be learned as well in addressing possible conflicts, which they may encounter in each stage of the process. It is necessary for conflicts to be acknowledged and addressed instead of denying their existence. Failure to address the onset of conflicts may discourage educators from voicing out their standpoint towards an issue, which is the vital initial step in resolving conflicts, so as to establish lasting objectives and tactics that will settle issues and concerns in teaching and management of educational institutions. As a future licensed teacher, collaboration is a very essential tool in my personal and professional development. Although working generally on my own develops independence and mental creativity, working together with other educators could make me think more outside the box, promote social interaction, and give me ample opportunities to contribute my skills and ideas. Learning the concept of collaboration has provided me a concrete guide in conducting classes, creating projects, and evaluating students, to name a few. It has also improved my strategies in lesson planning and my approach on students from different levels and areas of study. Gaining knowledge about collaboration in teaching will certainly help my future students veer away from traditional or even obsolete methods which would in turn make them more equipped, advanced, and competitive. (Learning Forward,

Effect of DDT on the Environment

Effect of DDT on the Environment Effect of DDT to This Environment Pesticides became a bad forebode in agriculture since mid-twentieth century. In agriculture, pesticides are an important element to control the major vector-borne diseases such as malaria and visceral leishmaniasis. There are 4 major groups of pesticides: insecticides, rodenticides, herbicides and fungicides. Although pesticides are vital to protect the crop and also human health in the whole world, but due to their detrimental effects on natural ecosystems more deaths are cause by the pesticide poisoning than infectious diseases. Hence, we should focus more on the short and long term harms of pesticides on the environment. Most of the pesticides are highly toxic and will have immediate adverse effects on human health and also wildlife. Besides that, pesticides which spray on the plant at ground will easily contaminate the soil, water and air. The chronic consequences cause by pesticide including neurotoxic, carcinogenic, immunotoxic, hormonal and reproductive effects. One of the hig hly problematic pesticides is the insecticide dichlorodiphenlytrichoroethane also known as DDT. 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(p-chlorophenyl)ethane is the scientific name of DDT and the chemical formula is C14H9Cl5. DDT is build up by 14 carbon, 9 hydrogen and 5 chlorine atoms (Figure 1). Figure 1. Molecular structure of DDT. In its nature form, DDT is crystalline powder with odorless to slightly fragrant in white color. The melting point is at 108.5ËÅ ¡C, and boiling point at 185ËÅ ¡C. DDT is highly insoluble in water but is soluble in most organic solvents. This molecule is lipophilic and partitions readily into the fat of all living organisms. Biomagnification and bioaccumulation in the food web make this molecule become more negative impact to the organisms. When the DDT break down the product will be 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDD or TDE) and 1,1-dichloro-2,2bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethylene)(DDE). These two compounds are actually also present everywhere in the environment and are more persistent than the parent compound (Ritter, Solomon, Forget, 1996). DDT is an organochlorine insecticide and is considered a persistent organic pollutant (POP) (PAN Germany for PAN International, 2009). According to Turusov et al. (2002), in year 1874, DDT was first synthesized but until year 1943 its insecticidal properties just discovered and in 1943 large-scale industrial production are started. DDT is contributed to worldwide use and widely accepted by people because of its low price and effectiveness to control malaria and typhus during and immediately after World War II. In order to control the agriculture and forest pests, much more DDT was used after 1945. About 400,000 tons of DDTs were used yearly in this world at 1960s, and 70 – 80% was used for agriculture (Turusov et al., 2002). DDT is a persistent, widespread environmental contaminant that causes significant anatomical, behavioral abnormalities and physiological in humans and also wildlife (Iwaniuk, et al., 2006). In January 1970, the first country – Sweden had banned the use of DDT. In the same year, the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R) was prohibited all DDT and DDT-based products for use as pesticides because of their destruction and persistence effect by bioaccumulation and the carcinogenicity. The production and use of DDT in agriculture were banned too in 1981, but the use for public health purposed was still allowed. In year 1972, most uses of DDT were banned in other countries. The use of DDT has been banned in 34 countries and severely restricted in 34 other countries. Argentina, Australia, Bulgaria, Canada, Colombia, Cyprus, Ethiopia, Finland, Hong Kong, Japan, Mozambique, Lebanon, Switzerland, Norway, and USA are the countries that have banned DDT. The countries that have severely restricted its use include Thailand, Israel, Panama, Kenya, Mexico, Belize, India, Ecuador and the EU (Ritter, Solomon, Forget, 1996). DDT is not very strong toxic like most of the organochlorine insecticides, but this chemical is widely use and spread (Ritter, Solomon, Forget, 1996). In Turusov et al. (2001) study showed that the process of biodegradation of this chemical is very slow and it will persists for a long time in the environment. DDT will likely to accumulate in the food chain and in the tissues of living organisms. When expose to DDT and digest it, this molecule will store in all the tissues, especially in fat. Bioaccumulation occurred by accumulate the DDT from small concentration to high concentration in the food web. Due to it widespread, uncontrolled, and intensive use, this chemical has resulted in worldwide pollution. In the body of all birds and fishes analyzed in the study of Turusov et al. (2001), DDT residues are found even in those living in desert areas or in the depths of the oceans. Human are most likely to be exposed to DDT from the food they eat. Almost all the meat, fish, and dairy products are contaminating with DDT. Hence, by eating, breathing or touching the products which contaminated with DDT, this chemical will easily absorbed into our body. After ingested, DDT will convert into several breakdown products called metabolites that included DDE and stored in the fatty tissues. For the pregnant women, DDT and DDE can be passed to the fetus by breast feeding (Centers for Disease Control and Preventation, 2009). If human expose to high concentration of DDT, the symptoms like vomiting, tremors or shakiness, and seizures will occur. Besides that, DDT also considered a possible human carcinogen. Birds usually played a major role in creating awareness of pollution problems. Birds are most probably believed to expose to DDT by ingestion (Enrlich, et al. 1988). The pesticide can be swallowing by the birds directly or the birds eat the contaminated prey. Besides that, they may also ingest pesticide residues off feathers while preening, or they may drink or bathe in contaminated water. When the birds expose to aerially spread DDT, the chemical will absorbed through the skin or inhaled into the body (Edwards, 2004). DDT and DDE are persistent as they tend to concentrate as they move through the food chain (Figure 2). In the marine communities, the contaminated planktons are eaten by small fishes, and then bigger fishes will consume small fishes. DDTs are passing from a small concentration in planktons to bigger fish. DDT will store in the fatty acid of fishes, when fish-eating birds consume the fish, all the bio accumulated DDT will pass into the bird’s body. Most of the DD T from numerous fishes ends up in the body of few birds. Bioaccumulation of DDT in birds high on food chains occurs not only because there is usually reduced biomass at each step in those chains, but also because predatory birds tend to live a long time. DDT take in only a little per day, but when they keep most of what they get and they live many days (Deinlein, n.d.). Figure 2. Bioaccumulation of DDT. DDT with high concentration does not usually kill the bird outright. However, DDT and its relatives will alter the bird’s calcium metabolism in a way that results in thin eggshells (Edwards, 2004). Since the eggshells are too thin and are unable to support the weight of the embryo of bird, heavily DDT-infested Brown Pelicans and Bald Eagles tend to find omelets in their nests. DDT resulted in the decimation of the Brown Pelican populations in much of North America and the extermination the Peregrine Falcon in the eastern United States and southeastern Canada. Shell-thinning caused lesser declines in populations of Golden and Bald Eagles and White Pelicans, among others (Enrlich, et al. 1988). Fortunately, the scientists are able to figure out the cause of the breeding failures in time, and the use of DDT was banned almost completely in the US at 1972. The Arctic, polar bears also become one of the victims of DDT. Chemical pollutants are carried towards the Arctic Ocean by the great continental rivers of Russia and Canada. DDT that in the sea are wafted northwards by the currents. Even the DDT molecule in the air will be carry by winds to the Arctic, where they condense in the cold and fall to the ground in snow or hail. The most direct and effective way to bring DDT that will cause an effect to polar bear and its offspring is biomagnification. DDTs are biomagnify as they move up the food chain from the small plankton to polar bear. As polar bear is the carnivores, it accumulates the most concentrated amounts of them. Before the hibernation, polar bear will consume large amount of fish to store as fat. DDT which accumulates in the fish will then store in the fatty tissues. When the polar bear start to use the fat during hibernation, DDT is being release and causes the death. In addition, DDT will also reduce the polar bear capacity to bread and lower their immune system (Polar bears: Walking on thin ice, 2006). The available epidemiologic and scientific data indicate that the presence and persistence of DDT and its metabolites worldwide are still problems of great relevance to public health. It has been debated at the United Nations Environment Program whether DDT should have been totally banned together with 11 other persistent organic pollutants. However, the total ban of DDT was sharply criticized in South Africa. This is because, a temporary total ban on the use of DDT for indoor spraying resulted in a sudden increase in malaria. Now, 11 countries in Africa, 7 in Asia, and 5 in Latin America still use DDT for vector disease control (Turusov et al., 2002). There is a general consensus that limited and strictly controlled use of DDT should be allowed for public health purposes, in particular where other effective, safe, and affordable alternatives are not available, and the benefits are clearly far superior to possible risks. In conclusion, to solve the problem of DDT an efficient pestici des that do not have the negative properties of DDT and its metabolites should be sought with the goal of replacing DDT completely. References Centers for Disease Control and Preventation (CDC), (2009). Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/biomonitoring/pdf/DDT_FactSheet.pdf Deinlein, M. (n.d.). Smithsonian Migratory Bird Center. When it comes to pesticides, birds are sitting ducks. Retrieved from http://nationalzoo.si.edu/scbi/migratorybirds/fact_sheets/fxsht8.pdf Edwards, J. G. (2004). DDT: A case study in scientific fraud. Journal of American Physicians and Surgeons, 9, 3, 83-88. Ehrlich, P. R., Dobkin, D. S., Wheye, D. (1988). DDT and birds. Retrieved from https://web.stanford.edu/group/stanfordbirds/text/essays/DDT_and_Birds.html Iwaniuk, A. N., Koperski, D. T., Cheng, K. M., Elliott, J. E., Smith, L. K., †¦, Wylie, D. R. W. (2006). The effects of environmental exposure to DDT on the brain of a songbird: Changes in structures associated with mating and song. Behavioural BrainResearch, 173, 1-10. Polar bears: Walking on thin ice. (2006). Retrieved from http://www.independent.co.uk/environment/polar-bears-walking-on-thin-ice-523207.html Ritter, L., Solomon, K. R., Forget, J. (1996). Persistent organic pollutants. Retrieved from http://www.chem.unep.ch/pops/ritter/en/ritteren.pdf Turusov, V., Rakitsky, V. Tomatis, L. (2002). DIchlorodiphenytrichloroethane (DDT): Ubiquity, persistence, and risks. Environmental Health Perspectives, 110, 2, 125-128.

Transcendentalism :: essays research papers

Although the transcendentalism movement was an extremely long time ago the ideas are still pertinent today. When Henry David Thoreau said, 'Let him step to the music which he hears, however measured or far away. It is not important that he should mature as soon as an apple tree or an oak';(247), that he would be telling people to be themselves many generations later.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The transcendentalism movement took place during the early 1800's when America was developing its own writing style. The authors of the time all thought in the same wavelength. Some of them, such as Thoreau and Ralph Waldo Emerson belonged to a transcendentalism club in which they shared their ideas. Thoreau had ideas that he firmly believed in and tried to act upon his ideas. He wanted to live in solitude and be one with nature, so he went to Walden Pond and was semi-secluded from society. Except for a couple of times when he went to the nearby town for things he needed he was on his own. He did well with it, but wanted to move on with his life so he left Walden. After his experience, he decided to write about it in his book, Walden Pond. Thoreau tried to live his life based on his ideas no matter how extreme they may have been.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  These transcendentalists had many ideas that seemed to others to be extremely impractical. The authors thought that they could transform the world through their ideas. One of their main ideas was that we are all true individuals and should not conform to whatever the 'norm'; is. Thoreau tells us to live our own life, whether it be good or bad, it is ours. 'However mean your life is, meet it and live it; do not shun it or call it hard names';(247). Also, we should do the morally right thing. We should do what our heart says is right and not always listen to our heads. They also wrote in an optimistic view and their writings were very inspiring.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  All of their ideas are relevant today on some level. People are reading Emerson and Thoreau as though they were on the current best sellers list. Not everybody reads the material because they are assigned it, but rather they are using it as a tool to find out how to live their lives. All of our lives we are told to be ourselves and not to go along with the crowd, and that is the same thing Thoreau said over a century ago.

Caliban’s Feelings Towards Propero Essay

In this essay I will tell you about Caliban’s feelings towards Prospero, how Prospero treats Caliban and a chain of exploitation involving Caliban and Prospero. Caliban is the rightful owner of an island that Prospero, an ex-duke of Milan and a type of sorcerer, and his daughter Miranda, a girl who was only 3 years old when her father was overthrown by his brother Antonio and pities people who are harmed by her father’s magic, took over when they arrived on the island and managed to control Caliban with his magic. Caliban finds more people to work with, when Prospero ship wrecked their boat, called Trinculo and Stephano and plan to kill Prospero. After Prospero took over the island Caliban has tried to reclaim it but is then punished by Prospero’s magic. When Caliban talks to Trinculo and Stephano about trying to reclaim the island from him he tells how he was usurped ‘As I told thee before, I am subject to a tyrant, a sorcerer, that by his cunning hath cheated me of the island’. The words tyrant and sorcerer display Prospero as an evil and cruel master, when Caliban calls him a tyrant means that he thinks Prospero is a person who exercises power in a harsh, cruel manner. In the quote it says he was ‘cheated me of the island’ shows that he was ill-treated by Prospero and suggests that Caliban has been made inferior. In line 106 Caliban asks Stephano if he will destroy Prospero, the use of the word destroy tells the audience that Caliban hates Prospero so much he doesn’t only want to kill him he wants to hurt him so much that the broken beyond repair, and he wants them to ‘batter his skull†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.  Cut his wezand (his windpipe/throat)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦paunch him’, punching is when you cut an animal’s stomach area and all its intestines fall out and you then clean the intestines to get out the good meat. The way Prospero treats Caliban according to Caliban he is ill-treated by Prospero and tells Stephano the ways he is cruel to him, ‘I say by sorcery he got this isle, from me he got it†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..  Revenge on him for I know thou dar’st’, when Caliban tells Stephano that he was usurped by cruel magic he asks ‘how now shall this be compassed? Canst thou bring me to the party’, Stephano is asking Caliban how will he get his revenge and can he come along to help Caliban. Stephano agrees with Caliban that he was ill-treated and happily agrees the help kill Prospero and in return he gets to rule the island and have Caliban and Trinculo as his viceroys. While Caliban is telling Stephano of all the horrid things he wants to do to Prospero he tells him about his daughter Miranda and Caliban says ‘Ay, lord, she will become thy bed, I warrant, and bring thee forth brave brood’ the exploitation is that Caliban is telling Stephano that he can force Miranda to sleep with him and give birth to many children at his pleasure, the irony in this is that Caliban exploiting Miranda, the person who has always been exploited. When Caliban asks Stephano if he will help kill his master he says ‘beat him enough, after a little time I’ll beat him too’ the exploitation in this quote is to Prospero because they are implying that they can easily overpower him and beat him, in line 106 Caliban asks Stephano ‘Wilt thou destroy him then’, the word destroy tells that he does not only think he can overpower him but have enough strength to destroy him, this exploitation is no ironic because Prospero used his strength to exploit Caliban. Whilst Caliban is listing the ways he wants to kill Prospero he tells Stephano and Trinculo ‘First possess his books: for without them he’s but a sot’ He is telling them this because he knows how weak he can be without his magic and his books and how strong he is with them. The fact that Caliban knows his weaknesses tells the audience that he has been planning to get revenge on his master, now he has formed an alliance with Stephano and Trinculo means that he can put his plan into action and finally get revenge on his old cruel master Prospero. He follows on from this and says ‘burn but his books; he has brave utensils- for so he calls them’ Caliban is saying that you can burn anything you want except his books because they hold great power and will be a type of trophy they gain for killing Prospero. In the story of The Tempest I think that Caliban and Prospero’s relationship is bad because at the beginning they argue about whose island it is. Later on in the story Caliban finds Stephano and Trinculo and makes an alliance with them, he then promises to show and tell them the best springs are in return for some wine, he also gets them to help him get his revenge on Prospero. Prospero doesn’t like Caliban because he abuses Miranda and always threatens him and tries not to help them live their lives. Overall I think Prospero and Caliban’s relationship is the worst in the whole story and doesn’t improve and only gets worst.

Definition and Examples of Backing in the Toulmin Model

Definition and Examples of Backing in the Toulmin Model In the Toulmin model of argument, backing is the support or explanation provided for the warrant. The backing is often characterized by the word because. Examples and Observations [Stephen] Toulmins The Uses of Argument, which appeared in 1958, is mainly known for the model of argumentation presented in this book. This model represents the procedural form of argumentation: the various steps that can be distinguished in the defense of a standpoint. According to Toulmin, the soundness of argumentation is primarily determined by the degree in which the warrant, which connects the data adduced in the argumentation with the claim that is defended, is made acceptable by a backing. . . .What kind of backing is required, however, is dependent on the field to which the question at issue belongs. An ethical justification, for instance, requires a different kind of backing from a legal justification. Toulmin concludes from this that the evaluation criteria for determining the soundness of argumentation are field dependent.(Frans H. Van Eemeren, Argumentation Theory: An Overview of Approaches and Research Themes, in Rhetorical Argumentation in Biblical Texts, edited by An ders Eriksson, et al. Continuum, 2002) Different Kinds of BackingToulmin . . . emphasizes the difference between backing and warrant: backings can be categorical statements of fact just like data, while warrants always are general bridge-like statements . . .. A central point in Toulmins book [The Uses of Argument] is that different kinds of backings occur in different fields of argument. Among Toulmins examples of backings are statutes and acts of Parliament, statistical reports, appeals to the results of experiments and references to taxonomical systems. All can provide the backing that warrant the arguments as they are acceptable in particular fields.(Bart Verheij, Evaluating Arguments Based on Toulmins Scheme. Arguing on the Toulmin Model: New Essays in Argument Analysis and Evaluation, edited by David Hitchcock and Bart Verheij. Springer, 2006)Backing as EvidenceInitial Statement: It should be investigated whether Peter murdered George.Claim: Peter shot George.Backing: Witness W states that Peter shot George.[Here] . . . the backing statement is the kind of evidence you need to collect in a murder investigation. Of course, the witness may be lying, or what he says may not be true. But if he says that Peter shot George, that statement needs to be investigated in any proper investigation. It is relevant in that context.(Douglas N. Walton, Witness Testimony Evidence: Argumentation, Artificial Intelligence, and Law. Cambridge University Press, 2008)

Water Resource Plan, Point Source water pollution

Water Resource Plan, Point Source water pollution Free Online Research Papers The water resource issue I selected was point source pollution-water pollution. Water pollution originated from the birth of human civilization. Human waste was the first pollutant that contributed to how our water system is today. In time human waste has sought its way through to bodies of water all over the world. Many pollutants that have made their way into the earth’s water include oil, garbage, sewage, debris, fertilizers and chemicals. Personally, I believe that a sustainment plan that could alleviate the water pollution problem will take years to implement and extreme educational efforts. In my efforts to create a sustainment plan to alleviate water pollution involves many steps. Primarily, the world needs to understand the effects that can be produced by water pollution if not already taking effect. Water pollution effects can include but not limited to waterborne infectious diseases, nutrient pollution, chemical contamination, marine debris, thermal pollution and a cost to consumers. In my sustainment plan I would issue warnings to educate the population of the effects of water pollution by television, pamphlets, and radio. A presentation will also be proposed in person to all individuals outlining with photographs, actual stories and how the world’s budget could be affected by lone term cleanup efforts. Efforts to educate population would be made available to all within the community as well as advocating other communities for this special emergency education. At this time there is a bit of difficulty finding opposing viewpoints to water pollution. I believe that people are aware of water pollution but in some instances just do not know how to make a positive impact on the earth to assist in reducing or stopping the pollution. Unfortunately, there are people out there who do not care of the cost physically, environmentally and monetarily. Executives of Texas Oil and Gathering, Inc were arrested and tried in court of law for the illegal dumping of crude oil. These men did not care of the effects that the dumping would take on the earth. This action possibly has caused some major damage for fresh drinking water availability. A problem that results in water pollution is animal waste. Animal waste is collected through sewer drains and other forms of run-off. This poses an added problem to the water pollution because animals usually stay outside. To assist in the prevention of water pollution, some cities have imposed strict city ordinances making all dog walkers in parks to collect animal waste and discard appropriately. There are many challenges that I may be faced with in order to implement my plan. One challenge that I have to face is being very well educated with all the aspects of water pollution. Personally, I need to reach deep down inside and clearly state my thoughts on the issue at hand and the inevitable. People need to understand the delicate details that are embedded around water pollution. As far as limitations go the only setback that I see can be that of funding. Funding plays an intricate role in the ability to deliver the education of water pollution. Some people may be open to receive this information with thoughts of making a better effort towards positively affecting water pollution. My plan affects the community in a vast way because realistically the world as a whole will be affected as well. In order to reduce the cost to consumer together we all have to engage this issue with the utmost urgency. Jobs are the way of life in this day in age; people must know the importance of preventing water pollution to safeguard our children’s futures and generations to come. One topic that people need to view is the likelihood of resource depletion in regards to water pollution. If we keep on pollution our water sources there is a large chance that we will not be able to eat fish or for that matter even drink water. These resources are needed to ensure the life of humans and animals on this earth. Lifestyles can change due to the affects of water pollution. In the future, it may be unsafe or impossible to swim in bodies of water. This indeed would open up a new assortment of disadvantages to our way of life. Acting now and continuing the education of the human popula tion will assist in slowing down pollution as well as reaching the goal of stopping it completely. References Jones, S. (2008) super fun science. content4reprint.com/science/the-history-of-water-pollution.htm Jeantheau, M (2009) Grinning Planet. grinningplanet.com/2006/12-05/water-pollution-effects.htm U.S. Department of Justice. (2009). Enforcing and Defending the Law. From opposing views website. Research Papers on Water Resource Plan, Point Source water pollutionThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andThe Spring and AutumnGenetic Engineering19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraThe Project Managment Office SystemHip-Hop is ArtThe Hockey GameQuebec and CanadaNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This Nice

Kant, Hegel, and Nietzsche Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Kant, Hegel, and Nietzsche - Essay Example Georg Wilhem Friedrich Hegel in his philosophy of world history expounds on the different types of history. The first is original history, which refers to the written historical account of the period in question (Hegel, Wood & Nisbet 1991). Reflective history is the second type, which is written after a certain period, based on the reflective thought and is laden with interpretation. Lastly, there is philosophic history, which tries to rationally interpret history. Through philosophic history, Hegel observes that world history is not guided by God’s plan rather it is through a rational process (Hegel, Wood & Nisbet, 1991). He expounds this in his Reason rules of history, which states that reason rules the world. Hegel’s philosophical history is based on that assumption; reason rules the world. Friedrich Nietzsche in his philosophy of history tries to explain, â€Å"how things become what they are†. His concern with history arises with its recording and emphasis by people who claim to represent the past. He opposes Hegel’s method of systemizing history and his adoption of teological themes (Mencken, 1993). In his opinion, history should be wholesome for future generations and its sole purpose is to influence the next generations. This purpose is not a choice rather it is a demand. Nietzsche is of the opinion that â€Å"the capacity to build a new future depends on our ability to see a fundamental continuity with the strengths of the past†. Kant’s moral theory states that freedom is not defined by the absence of law but being bound to laws one makes for himself (Höffe, 1994). His moral theory further states that rational human wills have freedom, that is they are autonomous. Freedom, according to Kant is autonomy where individuals lay their own laws that guide their actions. His view on individual freedom as being autonomous is derived from the

Explain the nature of social relationships in a traditional Vietnamese Essay

Explain the nature of social relationships in a traditional Vietnamese famliy - Essay Example This is where children are socialised to societal norms and values through intra- and inter-family interactions. The family’s position and role in the social structure provides a point of reference from which a nation’s social system – networks, relationships, and values – can be understood. Whilst modernisation may tend to diminish the family’s role, notably in a nation that is changing fast such as Vietnam, this paper looks at the nature of social relationships in a Vietnamese family to gain a deeper understanding of its key characteristics and provide insights on the consequences of the social and economic changes taking place. Indispensable to this study is a knowledge of the values and influences that helped shape the form of the Vietnamese family through the centuries. Its geography as a nation at the crossroads of Indochina, to the east of India and south of China, has opened it to these two cultures. Its long eastern coastline likewise opened it to a Western wave of Portuguese, Dutch, English, and French colonisation beginning in the 17th century. These conquests and occupations shaped present Vietnamese society into a complex mixture of East and West. The predominant religions in Vietnam are Buddhism from India and Confucianism and Taoism, both from China. Although Confucianism is more a code of behaviour than a religion, its combination with the other two explains to a great extent the evolution and development of the Vietnamese family to its present form. The influence of Catholicism coming from the more recent wave of western explorers has not been substantial, except for the Vietnamese alphabet which a French missionary transformed from Chinese characters to a system that uses the Roman alphabet (Luong, 1989). The significance of this quirk of history is that it keeps the country open to the outside world. Buddhism teaches enlightenment, the quest for perfection, and the value of

Resume Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Resume - Assignment Example duated with a master’s degree in business administration and am highly competent to undertake the roles and responsibilities expected from an office manager. I have excellent communication and interpersonal skills; have proven leadership and conflict negotiation skills from the length of service working as an engineer. I possess commendable work ethics with manifested talent in problem-solving and in decision-making, within the scope of responsibilities. I have had extensive training and experience in undertaking the functions of planning, organizing, directing and controlling teams of subordinates from one’s work experiences. Finally, I can easily adapt and adjust to different work environments and value conformity to an organization’s code of discipline and adherence to ethical behavior. I am very much interested to becoming an instrumental part of your organization’s further growth and development. I assure you that the working relationship would be symbiotic and mutually beneficial. I am hereby including my resume for your perusal. I could be reached at any of the stipulated contact numbers indicated therein. I would be looking forward to hearing from you soon. OBJECTIVE To work in a global organization that uses both my education and experience for the application of managerial expertise, as well as research and development of new products relating to renewable resources. Thank you so much for the opportunity that you have accorded me during the scheduled interview yesterday, 31 August 2012. It was very illuminating that the candidate for the position of an office manager for your headquarters office would be given challenging responsibilities that range from managing, not only a diversely creative and innovative team, but also the chance to contribute one’s knowledge on designing, inspecting, and materials testing of the organization’s products to ensure quality at all stages of manufacturing, of which I am most capable of. I was advised by

Apple and employee motivation Essay Example for Free

Apple and employee motivation Essay Ideally, Apple wants to have a workplace that fosters creativity from all the employees. Apple combines extrinsic and intrinsic motivation in order to empower their employees to be innovative. There are numerous methods Apple employs to motivate its employees. Once, Apple rewarded its executives by giving them a recognition bonus of 3 to 5 percent of their base salary. This motivating incentive occurred despite the fact that they recently missed their target on a project. This implies that Apple upper management empathized with the groups efforts. Another motivating incentive is the discount on products that all Apple employees receive. Employees who work at corporate Apple can receive a free iPhone or iPod Shuffle. Giving products to employees rather than money can be a better an effective motivator because many Apple employees are simply motivated to see the end results of their efforts. It is also typically cheaper to give the employees products rather than a raise. Recently, Apple has given employees more vacation days due to the companys strong performance in product sales. These are all extrinsic examples of how Apple motivates its employees. Employee motivation also stems from the corporate culture. Most Apple employees are heavily committed to their work and can be described enjoying monotonous encoding. Perhaps it is even insightful to look at what intrinsic forces were driving Steve Jobs. Jobs Stanford commencement speech indicates that he knew he had a limited time on Earth and this motivated him to follow his heart and pursue his passion. His ultimate motivation for creating innovative products was not based around profit but what would he would personally want to have.

Job Satisfaction and Employee Motivation Essay -- Employment Managemen

Job Satisfaction and Employee Motivation Abstract The purpose of this paper is to illustrate how motivation is instilled in the workplace with co-workers and oneself. In addition, objects that make the job satisfying will be discussed. Body Motivation is something that can come and go in an instant. The workplace often can be a fun and enjoyable place, but other times it can be the pit of hell. Not only do most of us cope with stress, fatigue, mental and physical anguish, but we must also complete the mission that is set forth for us. Motivation is delivered in many different ways. Each person may be different, but sometimes we share the same types of motivation with others. A soldiers motivation usually starts when he or she enlists, as this is a voluntary action they have taken, were they motivated by pride, anger, or even a sense of wanting a larger family. We may never know all the answers, but we can see how they are motivated. Early on as a soldier each person must go through basic training. This basic training is used to teach new recruits some of the basic things to keep them alive. The new soldiers learn skills from the common skills manuals. The manual contains critical common tasks that support unit wartime missions. Some of the skills that are trained are first aid, how to employ land mines, patrolling, basic marksmanship, different weapons, communication, survival techniques, land navigation, crowd control, protect against a nuclear biological chemical attack, customs and laws of war, and handling remains. No matter what the task or skill it is essential that each person have a buddy. These buddies are your motivation; they are your friends, your confidant. Often times a group of so... ... Conclusion As can be seen people get motivated from many different things. Friends can be motivation, money, personal pride, religion and even life itself. No matter where one gets their motivation, it is a constant battle to find how we can motivate everyone. As leaders in today's society we often struggle finding that one thing that can motivate even one person. When we are motivated it can also motivate others to join in. Motivation is not only a key part of making business and the world successful, it also fuels the way to new ideas and innovations. Job satisfaction can be found in very subtle ways or even extreme. I find it in both; I am very happy with the pay and enjoy the change of scenery week by week.

Evidence Based Practice Essay

Implementation of Evidence Based Practice Rosemary Garcia Implementation of Evidence Based Practice Evidence Based Practice Nursing is the utilization by nurses of Evidence Based Research findings that, according to Houser (2012), steer the nurse toward integration of clinical expert opinion and experience with an unbiased exhaustive review of the best scientific evidence professional nursing care literature can provide while incorporating patient values and preferences. Evidence Based Practice Nursing entails adopting a systematic critical thinking decision making process guided by a deliberate and defined chosen Evidence Based Nursing model path that involves searching, appraising, synthesizing, adapting, implementing, and continually evaluating the Evidence Based Research findings implemented. Among these models are the Conduct and Utilization of Research in Nursing (CURN) project, the Stetler Model of Research Utilization, and the Iowa Model for Research in Practice. The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of Evidence Based Research on nursing practice by defining Evidence Based Practice Nursing, directing attention to the importance of Evidence Based Research, briefly reviewing examples of qualitative and quantitative research and finally identifying some ways to overcome barriers that prevent nurse participation and utilization of Evidence Based Research. Importance of Evidence Based Research Evidence Based Research is important because it provides nurses with â€Å"actual knowledge of elements of practice that have been known to work† according to R. Simpson (2004). Evidence Based Practice Nursing is based on a disciplined methodological decision making process in which nurses continually ask for Evidence Based Research to support their actions and consistently weigh the validity and reliability of activities of each day. The Evidence Based Practice Nurse also plans for change according to Rosswurm and Larrabee (1999). Evidence Based Research findings come through  two proven methods, namely qualitative and quantitative research. Systematic reviews summarize and succinctly abstract findings from multiple studies and compile them into useable condensed formats for quicker study and review. A systematic review that includes a meta-analysis draws findings from multiple studies, recalculates the results to arrive at a new finding thus compounding its validity and re liability. The utilization of Evidence Based Research directly and positively improves nursing practice when the findings are implemented. Research Examples The following two examples of Evidence Based Research show how implementation impacts nursing practice. Nursing homes promote their quality of care using analyses and marketing strategies to influence public perception and attract business. How a nursing home addresses the phenomena of palliative care and the prevalence of pressure ulcers affects that perception. A nursing home may presume to have high quality of care because of high score on the Minimum Data Sheet (MDS) prevalence ulcer (PU) indicator and promote such a score. Similarly, how a nurse responds to a resident in palliative care also reflects on quality of care. Evidence Based Research of these two phenomena helps improve nursing practice in this arena. A nurse in a long term care facility that provides palliative care may be called upon to respond to a resident who may be struggling with issues of regret for life events and feel a need for forgiveness. A retrospective study by Ferrel, Otis-Green, Baird, and Garcia, (2013) through a convenience sample of 339 nurses attending palliative care educational courses throughout the U.S. and Belize, India, the Philippines and Romania sought to assess nurses’ responses to this issue. Since the purpose was to document the viewpoints and feelings, a descriptive qualitative research design using the phenomenology method was appropriate. The data was examined using content analysis and themes were identified. By focusing on nurses from a broad geographical base who were attending palliative care classes, the researches maximized the potential for gathering relevant data and enhanced transferability and validity through this convenience sample. They also minimized inherent cultural bias that could have potentially arisen if the sample had been solely from one country or region. The conclusion was that nurses would benefit from additional education regarding  how best to address these con cerns. Implementing these Evidence Based Research findings helps improve nursing practice. As noted earlier, the prevalence of pressure ulcers, their prevention and treatment is a common dilemma in a long term setting and nursing homes want to demonstrate success in this area as part of the quality of care. One method used to identify and monitor pressure ulcers is the Minimum Data Sheet (MDS) prevalence ulcer (PU) indicator. Bates-Jensen et al (2003) in a quantitative research descriptive study sought to determine whether the minimum data sheet pressure ulcer indicator of a high or low score reflected differences in processes related to pressure ulcer prevention and treatment. The convenience sample consisted of 321 residents from 16 different nursing homes. The resident had to be at risk for pressure ulcer development using the PU Residential Assessment Protocol of the MDS to meet the criteria for inclusion. This was a quantitative study designed to collect numerical data by measuring 16 care process quality indicators (10 related to PU care processes, five related to nutrition and one related to incontinence management) using medical record data, direct human observation, interviews and data from wireless thigh movement monitors. The statistical data results revealed that the MDS PU indicator was not a useful indicator of quality of care and could be misinterpreted if not explained. Family members who are considering long term care benefit from this research and in a facility that might have mistakenly interpreted the meaning of the MDS PU indicator, Evidence Based Practice Nursing would implement corrective measures regarding future use of the scores and thus bring about an improved change. Barriers Preventing Research Utilization Nursing improves when Evidence Based Research findings can be utilized and implemented by nurses in their daily practice. J. Dracup (2006) stated what some nurses had identified as barriers to Evidence Based Research, namely: â€Å"accessibility of research findings, anticipated outcomes of using research, organizational support to use research, and support from others to use research.† Dracup believed that â€Å"evidence-based practice must include an assessment of the available resources† since the cost of implementation is yet another barrier and â€Å"will not be adopted if resources are insufficient to incorporate them into the daily routine† nursing care. G. Mitchell  (1999) raised â€Å" the lack of sufficient meaningful research† as an additional barrier. A multidisciplinary effort by researchers and educators of all fields will be required to work toward the removal of these barriers. Collaborate to provide a more efficient system of information dissemination must take place. Systematic reviews, sometimes combined with meta-analysis, already advance the cause of having multiple sources of research data condensed to a useable quickly reviewable format. One possible way that nurses could gain access to Evidence Based Research through the Cochrane Library, for example, is by way of grants to school districts and local libraries allowing free or low cost subsidized access. After obtaining this access and recognizing nurses’ research time restraints, the formation of high school clubs like â€Å"Cochrane Library Scholars† would allow nurses to pose Research Questions to the club who would in turn compile relevant research articles for the nurse. Similar clubs could be â€Å"AHRQ Research Scholars† and â€Å"Campbell Library Scholars.† Since addressing the barrier of cost of Evidence Based Research implementation is equally important., to purposefully draw community leaders’ attention to the Evidence Based Research available at their local library, create a logo such as â€Å"LIBR[LIBRARY]ARY† with the slogan â€Å"A Library within A Library.† By raising awareness of the benefits of Evidence Based Research of public and private pivotal decision makers, these individuals could prove instrumental in helping to identify and acquire the resources needed to implement Evidence Based Research within their sphere of influence. By opening avenues to Evidence Based Research findings through local libraries, engaging students as researchers and raising community awareness, more nurses could gain knowledge that translates into Evidence Based Practice Nursing. Participants would be engaged in raising the quality of care within their own communities. Raising widespread awareness of the importance and value of Evidence Based Research could be the catalyst that propels groups to collectively seek resources for implementation of Evidence Based Practice in communities across the nation. Conclusion Evidence Based Research impacts Evidence Based Practice Nursing if it is utilized. A deliberate effort to promote the understanding of its importance combined with taking measures to remove barriers that prevent  nurses from using Evidence Based Research findings will impact, improve, and ensure the best possible nursing practice. References Bates-Jensen, B.M., Cadogan, M., Osterwell D., Levy-Storms L, Jorge, J., Alsamarrai, N., Grbic, V. & Schnelle, J.F. (2003) The Minimum Data Set Pressure Ulcer Indicator: Does It Reflect Differences in Care Processes Related to Pressure Ulcer Prevention and Treatment in Nursing Homes? Journal of American Geriatric Society, 51(9). DOI: 10.1046/j.1532-5415.2003.51403.x Dracup, J. (2006). Evidence-Based Practice is Wonderful †¦ Sort Of, American Journal of Critical Care. 15(4) Ferrel, B., Otis-Green, S, Baird, R.P., & Garcia, A. (2013). Nurses’ Responses to Requests for Forgiveness at the End of Life. Journal of Pain System Management, DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2013.05.009 Houser, J. (2012). Nursing Research: reading, using, and creating evidence. (2nd ed.). Salisbury, MA: Jones & Barlett Publishing Mitchell, G. (1999). Evidence-based practice: Critique and alternative view. Nursing Science Quarterly, 12(1), 30-35. Retsas A. (2000). Barriers to using research evidence in nursing practice. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 31:599-606. Rosswurm, M. A., & Larrabee, J. (1999). A model for change to evidence-based practice. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 31(4), 317-322. Implementation of Evidence Based Practice Rosemary Garcia Submitted to Karen Rhoades, MS, RN in partial fulfillment of NR460R Evidence Based Practice August 10, 2013 Implementation of Evidence Based Practice Evidence Based Practice Nursing is the utilization by nurses of Evidence Based Research findings that, according to Houser (2012), steer the nurse  toward integration of clinical expert opinion and experience with an unbiased exhaustive review of the best scientific evidence professional nursing care literature can provide while incorporating patient values and preferences. Evidence Based Practice Nursing entails adopting a systematic critical thinking decision making process guided by a deliberate and defined chosen Evidence Based Nursing model path that involves searching, appraising, synthesizing, adapting, implementing, and continually evaluating the Evidence Based Research findings implemented. Among these models are the Conduct and Utilization of Research in Nursing (CURN) project, the Stetler Model of Research Utilization, and the Iowa Model for Research in Practice. The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of Evidence Based Research on nursing practice by defining Evidence Based Practice Nursing, directing attention to the importance of Evidence Based Research, briefly reviewing examples of qualitative and quantitative research and finally identifying some ways to overcome barriers that prevent nurse participation and utilization of Evidence Based Research. Importance of Evidence Based Research Evidence Based Research is important because it provides nurses with â€Å"actual knowledge of elements of practice that have been known to work† according to R. Simpson (2004). Evidence Based Practice Nursing is based on a disciplined methodological decision making process in which nurses continually ask for Evidence Based Research to support their actions and consistently weigh the validity and reliability of activities of each day. The Evidence Based Practice Nurse also plans for change according to Rosswurm and Larrabee (1999). Evidence Based Research findings come through two proven methods, namely qualitative and quantitative research. Systematic reviews summarize and succinctly abstract findings from multiple studies and compile them into useable condensed formats for quicker study and review. A systematic review that includes a meta-analysis draws findings from multiple studies, recalculates the results to arrive at a new finding thus compounding its validity and reliability. The utilization of Evidence Based Research directly and positively improves nursing practice when the findings are implemented. Research Examples The following two examples of Evidence Based Research show how implementation impacts nursing practice. Nursing homes promote their quality of care using analyses and marketing strategies to influence public perception and attract business. How a nursing home addresses the phenomena of palliative care and the prevalence of pressure ulcers affects that perception. A nursing home may presume to have high quality of care because of high score on the Minimum Data Sheet (MDS) prevalence ulcer (PU) indicator and promote such a score. Similarly, how a nurse responds to a resident in palliative care also reflects on quality of care. Evidence Based Research of these two phenomena helps improve nursing practice in this arena. A nurse in a long term care facility that provides palliative care may be called upon to respond to a resident who may be struggling with issues of regret for life events and feel a need for forgiveness. A retrospective study by Ferrel, Otis-Green, Baird, and Garcia, (2013) through a convenience sample of 339 nurses attending palliative care educational courses throughout the U.S. and Belize, India, the Philippines and Romania sought to assess nurses’ responses to this issue. Since the purpose was to document the viewpoints and feelings, a descriptive qualitative research design using the phenomenology method was appropriate. The data was examined using content analysis and themes were identified. By focusing on nurses from a broad geographical base who were attending palliative care classes, the researches maximized the potential for gathering relevant data and enhanced transferability and validity through this convenience sample. They also minimized inherent cultural bias that could have potentially arisen if the sample had been solely from one country or region. The conclusion was that nurses would benefit from additional education regarding how best to address these concerns. Implementing these Evidence Based Research findings helps improve nursing practice. As noted earlier, the prevalence of pressure ulcers, their prevention and treatment is a common dilemma in a long term setting and nursing homes want to demonstrate success in this area as part of the quality of care. One method used to identify and monitor pressure ulcers is the Minimum Data Sheet (MDS) prevalence ulcer (PU) indicator. Bates-Jensen et al (2003) in a quantitative research descriptive study sought to determine whether the minimum data sheet pressure ulcer indicator of a high or low score reflected differences in  processes related to pressure ulcer prevention and treatment. The convenience sample consisted of 321 residents from 16 different nursing homes. The resident had to be at risk for pressure ulcer development using the PU Residential Assessment Protocol of the M DS to meet the criteria for inclusion. This was a quantitative study designed to collect numerical data by measuring 16 care process quality indicators (10 related to PU care processes, five related to nutrition and one related to incontinence management) using medical record data, direct human observation, interviews and data from wireless thigh movement monitors. The statistical data results revealed that the MDS PU indicator was not a useful indicator of quality of care and could be misinterpreted if not explained. Family members who are considering long term care benefit from this research and in a facility that might have mistakenly interpreted the meaning of the MDS PU indicator, Evidence Based Practice Nursing would implement corrective measures regarding future use of the scores and thus bring about an improved change. Barriers Preventing Research Utilization Nursing improves when Evidence Based Research findings can be utilized and implemented by nurses in their daily practice. J. Dracup (2006) stated what some nurses had identified as barriers to Evidence Based Research, namely: â€Å"accessibility of research findings, anticipated outcomes of using research, organizational support to use research, and support from others to use research.† Dracup believed that â€Å"evidence-based practice must include an assessment of the available resources† since the cost of implementation is yet another barrier and â€Å"will not be adopted if resources are insufficient to incorporate them into the daily routine† nursing care. G. Mitchell (1999) raised â€Å" the lack of sufficient meaningful research† as an additional barrier. A multidisciplinary effort by researchers and educators of all fields will be required to work toward the removal of these barriers. Collaborate to provide a more efficient system of information di ssemination must take place. Systematic reviews, sometimes combined with meta-analysis, already advance the cause of having multiple sources of research data condensed to a useable quickly reviewable format. One possible way that nurses could gain access to Evidence Based Research through the Cochrane Library, for example, is by way of grants to school districts and local  libraries allowing free or low cost subsidized access. After obtaining this access and recognizing nurses’ research time restraints, the formation of high school clubs like â€Å"Cochrane Library Scholars† would allow nurses to pose Research Questions to the club who would in turn compile relevant research articles for the nurse. Similar clubs could be â€Å"AHRQ Research Scholars† and â€Å"Campbell Library Scholars.† Since addressing the barrier of cost of Evidence Based Research implementation is equally important., to purposefully draw community leaders’ attention to the Evidence Based Research available at their local library, create a logo such as â€Å"LIBR[LIBRARY]ARY† with the slogan â€Å"A Library within A Library.† By raising awareness of the benefits of Evidence Based Research of public and private pivotal decision makers, these individuals could prove instrumental in helping to identify and acquire the resources needed to implement Evidence Based Research within their sphere of influence. By opening avenues to Evidence Based Research findings through local libraries, engaging students as researchers and raising community awareness, more nurses could gain knowledge that translates into Evidence Based Practice Nursing. Participants would be engaged in raising the quality of care within their own communities. Raising widespread awareness of the importance and value of Evidence Based Research could be the catalyst that propels groups to collectively seek resources for implementation of Evidence Based Practice in communities across the nation. Conclusion Evidence Based Research impacts Evidence Based Practice Nursing if it is utilized. A deliberate effort to promote the understanding of its importance combined with taking measures to remove barriers that prevent nurses from using Evidence Based Research findings will impact, improve, and ensure the best possible nursing practice. References Bates-Jensen, B.M., Cadogan, M., Osterwell D., Levy-Storms L, Jorge, J., Alsamarrai, N., Grbic, V. & Schnelle, J.F. (2003) The Minimum Data Set Pressure Ulcer Indicator: Does It Reflect Differences in Care Processes Related to Pressure Ulcer Prevention and Treatment in Nursing Homes? Journal of American Geriatric Society, 51(9). DOI: 10.1046/j.1532-5415.2003.51403.x Dracup, J. (2006). Evidence-Based Practice is Wonderful †¦ Sort Of, American Journal of Critical Care. 15(4) Ferrel, B., Otis-Green, S, Baird, R.P., & Garcia, A. (2013). Nurses’ Responses to Requests for Forgiveness at the End of Life. Journal of Pain System Management, DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2013.05.009 Houser, J. (2012). Nursing Research: reading, using, and creating evidence. (2nd ed.). Salisbury, MA: Jones & Barlett Publishing Mitchell, G. (1999). Evidence-based practice: Critique and alternative view. Nursing Science Quarterly, 12(1), 30-35. Retsas A. (2000). Barriers to using research evidence in nursing practice. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 31:599-606. Rosswurm, M. A., & Larrabee, J. (1999). A model for change to evidence-based practice. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 31(4), 317-322.

Discuss Shakespeare’s dramatic technique in Act one scenes 1 to 7 Essay

The chief character of the play is Macbeth. He is first of all Thane of Glamis and then inherits the title thane of Cawdor from an executed traitor. Instigated by a prophecy from the Witches that he will become king, and urged on by his wife, he murders King Duncan, and has himself proclaimed king. To secure his position, he is driven to commit further criminal acts, and plunges his country into civil war. After he is killed in battle by Macduff he is described as a ‘dead butcher’. The first scene is set on the ‘moor’ that is bleak and desolate. This scene is one of desolation and devastation. The desolate countryside metaphorically separates the humans from the Witches who are used to open the play to introduce the idea of fate and destiny. From the stage directions, the ‘battlefield’ creates a scene of death, carnage and destruction in line 4, ‘when the battle’s lost and won’ and line 12 and 13, ‘fair is foul and foul is fair’ a paradox is offered. How can fair be foul? How a battle be lost and won? The Witches’ chant in rhyming couplets and their speech is deliberately equivocal to create confusion in the mortals, as it is open t interpretation. He rhyming couplets give the effect of an incantation, while the thunder and lightning echo the noise of the battle. Similarly strange is thepaaradox that closes the scene: contained within it is the oxymoron, ‘fair is foul, and foul is fair’, a paradoxical idea that the Witches are able to transform what is good into evil, and make what is evil appear virtuous. These are also the first words spoken in the play by Macbeth, the echo establishes an unconscious contact with the Witches and is dramatically effective. We discover that the Witches are on the ‘moor’ ‘to meet with Macbeth’. They seem to know where Macbeth will be. Once again they show that they can foretell the future. What can Macbeth the play’s eponymous hero have to do with these abnormal, ‘weird woman’ who ‘look not like th’inhabitants of earth’? How does he fit into their plans? The opening scene heightens the audience’s expectations, as Macbeth will soon appear on stage, the audience will try and establish exactly why the Witches hope t meet him. Witches held great significance for a Jacobean audience who believed in witchcraft. Witches were the objects of morbid and fevered fascination during this era. The Jacobeans were afraid and superstitious. They suspected that the Witches were credited with powers and could predict the future, fly, cause fogs and tempests, bring on night in daytime, kill animals and curse people, with fatal diseases as well as induce nightmares. By the use of this technique, Shakespeare knew that he would get his audience’s attention with the opening scene. Although brief, this scene sets the supernatural atmosphere of the play, which is central to its dramatic action. In scene two, Shakespeare cleverly moves the scene to establish a different mood when introducing the humans. The seething battlefield replaces the moor, foul thunder is replaced by the sound of the military alarum and the humans replace the Witches. In this scene we meet Duncan, the King of Scotland, and his sons, Donalbain and Malcolm. Duncan’s supremacy is instantly established for he is the first to speak. They receive a report of the battle fought against the King of Norway and Macdonwald, the thane of Cawdor who has proved disloyal to Duncan. From the report he audience learns about the heroism and bravery of one of the King Duncan’s generals, Macbeth. Shakespeare continues to build suspense as he introduces the humans. The audience are also introduced to evil in man and the evil in warfare. The playwright’s use of language helps to bring the battle to life and emphasises Macbeth’s importance. Dynamic verbs like, ‘smok’d’, ‘brandish’d’ and ‘unseam’d’ suggest Macbeth’s skills and courage as his sword ‘smok’d with bloody execution’. Once again we hear about Macbeth before we see him. Hw=e is spoken of in glowing terms and he becomes a hero in the eyes of the audience. Though he is referred to as a ‘worthy gentlemen’, there is still the memory that his name is connected with the Witches. ‘Brave Macbeth’ kills Macdonwald by carving ‘out his passage’ ’till he unseem’d him from the nave to the chops’ ‘with his brandish’d steel’ that ‘smok’d with bloody execution’. Part of this description highlights Macbeth’s bravery and valour, but the captain’s description of Macbeth’s ‘unseeming’ of Macdonwald can be interpreted in different ways. Shakespeare intentionally paints an ambiguous picture of Macbeth. Macbeth, however, is still not satisfied until he had ‘fix’d [Macdonwald’s] head’ upon the ‘battlements’. The decapitation of Macdonwald would support a more negative reading of Macbeth as oppose to his courageous behaviour. Scene two concludes with an ironic note as Macbeth is rewarded with the title of ‘Thane of Cawdor’ which has been taken from ‘that most disloyal traitor’ and given to Macbeth, who will prove to be more treacherous: ‘No more than Thane of Cawdor shall deceive, Our bosom interest. Go pronounce his death, And with his former title greet Macbeth’. The audience will realise that to make Macbeth Thane of Cawdor is a great mistake. We see Macbeth, the loyal subject and great hero who fought for good, change and become corrupt, and gradually deteriorate into a vicious tyrant. At the start of scene three, we meet the Witches once again in foul weather and we begin to witness their spiteful destructive nature. One ‘sister’ has been ‘killing swine’ while another has possession of a ‘pilot’s thumb’. The other Witch punishes a sailor’s wife by conjuring up a storm, therefore getting at her husband. From this the audience learns that the powers the Witches carry are limited. They cannot kill, but are able to create a climate for evil to flourish. ‘Though his bark cannot be lost Yet it shall be tempest-toss’d’. The Witches’ curse on the sailor can be read as a prediction of Macbeth’s future. We are shown that the Witches are determined to make people suffer. They torment the sailor and drain him ‘dry as hay’. They deny him sleep at ‘night’ and in the ‘day’. They ensure that ‘he shall live a man forbid’. However, Macbeth can be destroyed because the forces of veil are present within him. He alone causes chaos in the world by destroying the natural order when he deliberately choose the path of evil. The ship is a metaphor for the state of Scotland which is going to ‘tempest toss’d’ when Macbeth becomes king. ‘A drum beats and Macbeth makes an entrance. We finally meet him and it is significant that his first appearance is with the Witches on the ‘moor’. This represents his connection with evil. His paradoxical word ‘So foul and fair a day I have not seen’ arrests us because it replicates those of the Witches. This once again draws inferences between Macbeth and evil. This could suggest that the Witches have control over Macbeth, or that the ‘hags’ are in some way similar to him. The appearance of the Witches like their speeches is equivocal. It is Banquo, who is used now as a dramatic device, who first comments on the bizarre appearance of the Witches. They ‘look not like th’inhabitants o’th earth, and yet are on’t’ and they appear to be ‘women’ though they have ‘beards’. Banquo is calm and is looking for a reasonable explanation to why the Witches are on the moor, whilst Macbeth is impatient and wants an immediate answer to why the Witches have come with ‘such prophetic greetings’. The Witches prophesise that Macbeth, ‘Thane of Glamis’ will become ‘Thane of Cawdor’ and ‘king hereafter’, and that Banquo will have kings. Part of the prophecy is immediately fulfilled when a messenger announces that Duncan, King of Scotland has promoted Macbeth Thane of Cawdor. We the audience realise, that from the previous scene, Macbeth with his courage and bravery, and not the Witches’ powers, has won him the title ‘Thane of Cawdor’. Macbeth is ‘rapt withal’ and becomes lost in his thoughts, as the Witches have articulated his secret desire of killing the King. His mind has been corrupted and he wants glory for himself. Shakespeare shows how evil can control what is good in Macbeth. Macbeth is torn between the forces of good and evil and he believes that he cannot be king unless evil wins over good. Macbeth reveals a disturbed mind, when he speaks his own thoughts aloud in a soliloquy, as murder is in his mind. His first thought is to leave everything to chance: ‘If chance will have me king, why chance may crown me, Without my stir’ Macbeth has asked Ross and Angus, the messengers, why they ‘dress [him] in borrow’d robes’- why they call him by the name of Cawdor, when Cawdor lives. By the end of the scene Macbeth is contemplating ‘borrowing’ the king’s ‘robes’. The reference to clothing in this scene is symbolic. The imagery of clothing indicates status, prestige and symbolises a person’s title. By using the imagery of clothing, Shakespeare is trying to show that if you wear someone else’s clothes they may feel uncomfortable and they may ‘cleave not to their mould’ because they are ‘borrow’d’. Therefore if Macbeth wears the robes of the kingship they will ‘cleave not to [his] mould’ as he is not worthy of the kings throne. When the Witches depart in this scene, Macbeth orders them to, ‘Stay, you imperfect speakers tell me more’. Macbeth’s curiosity has got the better of him and his demand of the Witches indicates his obsessive interest with these ‘weird women’ and their prophecies. The Witches ‘vanish’ into the air as they do not receive orders from mortals and will not be dictated to. The source and purpose of their evil remains a mystery to the audience. Shakespeare metaphorically compares the disappearance of the Witches to ‘bubbles’. Macbeth’s life can also be represented as a bubble, as the ‘honour, love, obedience’ and ‘troops of old friends’ that he has will soon disappear under the wishes they had ‘stay’d’. Ross and Angus enter, they are used as dramatic devices to convey to Macbeth the Kings decision to reward Macbeth with the title ‘Thane of Cawdor’. Macbeth and Banquo are both shocked as the ‘devil’ has spoken the truth. Macbeth is already snared by the Witches’ prophecies, as he believes that, ‘The greatest is behind’ On the other hand, Banquo can see through the trickery of the Witches. He is sceptical and can see through Macbeth’s motives in asking him whether he hopes his heirs will become kings. Banquo tries to warm Macbeth against the ‘instruments of darkness’. He tries to convince Macbeth that the Witches tell simple truths that are easy to believe, so that when they want to deceive people with more important matters they will also be believed. ‘And often times, to win us to our harm, The instruments of darkness tell us truths, Win us with honest trifles, to betray’s In deepest consequence’. Banquo is portrayed b by Shakespeare in a positive light, as he does not make him an accomplice in Duncan’s murder. The stage directions show that Macbeth turns ‘aside’. This informs the audience that he is talking to himself. This symbolises Macbeth turning away from the other characters in the play as well as the path to righteousness. Shakespeare uses dramatic language to emphasise Macbeth’s horror. His ‘seated heart knock’ at his ‘ribs’ and his hair is ‘unfix’ed’. The scene concludes with Macbeth and Banquo following Ross and Angus to meet the king. The audience are filled with a sense of apprehension and anticipation. One question remains: how will Macbeth get the crown? Scene four opens with a focus on treachery and betrayal. King Duncan hears his son, Malcolm, relate how the treacherous Cawdor has been executed. Also in this scene Duncan reveals his lack of knowledge regarding his own thanes. He exposes a very human weakness-one which lies at the heart of the play- the difficulty of working out who is loyal and who is pretyending loyalty: ‘There’s no art to find the Mind’s construction in the face’. It seems likely that there is an implicit criticism of Duncan here: a good King should be able to assess the loyalty of all his servants. Duncan’s failure to do so reveals his limitation as a monarch- one who is taken in by appearances. Dramatic irony is introduced where Duncan announces that Cawdor was a Kinsman in whom he had ‘absolute trust’. Macbeth’s betrayal will replicate that of Cawdor’s. When Macbeth and Banquo enter, Duncan immediately singles out Macbth for praise, ‘o’worthiest cousin’. The superlative ‘worthiest’ subtly reveals that Macbeth is yet another thane in whom Duncan has ‘absolute trust’. Macbeth is the most dangerous of the potential traitors because he is closest to the king. Scene four is the only time we see Macbeth and Duncan together and Shakespeare contrasts the forces of good and evil. Macbeth’s deceit and hypocrisy is shown in this scene when he praises King Duncan and promises to honour him with ‘loyalty’. He convinces Duncan that servicing ‘your highness’ will be its own reward. Macbeth is a hypocrite because in the previous scene he has contemplated the ‘murder’ of Duncan. Duncan ironically comments that he has started to metaphorically ‘plant Macbeth’, meaning that he will make sure that Macbeth grows greater and stronger as a reward for his services. This is ironic because what is growing in Macbeth is the seed of ambition to be King himself. Shakespeare deliberately plants an obstacle in Macbeth’s path when Duncan announces that his eldest son, Malcolm, is to succeed him as king. Macbeth now sees Malcolm as an obstacle between himself and the throne ‘which he must fall down’ or ‘else o’er leap’. Shakespeare uses the euphemism that Malcolm is a ‘step’ he must ‘o’er leap’, in order to disguise the realisation that Malcolm must be eradicated. In an ‘aside’, symbolically turning his back on the King, Macbeth reveals to the audience, and articulates for the first time his ‘black and deep desires’. He invokes the powers of darkness to ‘hide [their] fires’. At the beginning of scene five, we see that Macbeth and his ‘dearest partner of greatness’, Lady Macbeth, have a very close relationship. This is a contrast to how distant they become later on in the play when Macbeth’s ‘fiend-like queen’ is ‘innocent of the knowledge’. She is ‘innocent of the knowledge’ as Macbeth does not confide about his plans to kill Banquo, and she shows ignorance of Macbeth’s murder of Macduff’s family. She asks in her rambling state ‘where’ the Thane of Fife’s wife is ‘now’. Macbeth’s lack of sorrow when he hears of his wife’s death is also indicative of how they have drifted apart. In all the public scenes in the play she acts ‘like the innocent flower’; in the private scenes we see the ‘serpent under’t’. It is suggested that she commits suicide as she has become lonely and rather isolated. Lady Macbeth does not live up to the expectation of a typical Jacobean/Elizabethan woman. She wants the spirits the ‘spirits’ to ‘unsex’ her so that she can be tough and strong. Lady Macbeth uses strong imperatives and determined language that is brutal and violent. This is because she is delighted with her husband’s letter and shows determination that he will become king. The letter form Macbeth describes the Witches’ appearances, their prophecies-in particular that which promises the throne to Macbeth- but does not mention King Duncan’s announcement of his heir; the audience can therefore, assume that this letter was written immediately after the events which occur in the third scene. Although Lady Macbeth knows that her husband is ambitious, she is aware that he ‘is too full o’the milk of human kindness’. She says that ruthlessness is an ‘illness’ that Macbeth does not have. This is not a true portrayal of Macbeth, because from the previous scenes and throughout the play we see that Macbeth is not ‘too full o’the milk of human kindness’ but lacks it. Perhaps she is comparing Macbeth to herself and is saying that Macbeth is not as ambitious as she is. Lady Macbeth under estimates the powers of her conscience. She see her conscience as her weakness, not realising until after Duncans ‘murder’ how she will pour[her] spirits in his ear’. She has also decided that nothing will stand between him (or her?) and the ‘golden crown’ ( a metonym for the throne). Lady Macbeth greets her husband like the Witches, which subconsciously links her to evil and believes that her call to the ‘murdering ministers’ has been answered. She feels ‘now the future in the instant’ and that she is ‘beyond this ignorant present’. This is ironic as Lady Macbeth is still being ‘ignorant’. Lady Macbeth’s confidence is a contrast to Macbeth’s uncertainty. She advises him to ‘look like the innocent flower but be the serpent under’t’ and to ‘only look up clear’. She is in control of their relationship and tries to help Macbeth find the necessary determination to do the ‘deed’. Though Lady Macbeth appears to be confident, she uses euphemisms when talking to Macbeth about the ‘nights great business’. At this point in the play, Macbeth has been tempted to commit regicide, however he has tried to resist temptation. Macbeth’s resistance, however, is not vigorous enough to stand up to his wife’s ability to manipulate him. The scene closes dramatically with Lady Macbeth’ emphatic affirmation that Duncan’s fate rests in her hands- ‘leave all the rest to me’. Scene six sees King Duncan arriving at Macbeth’s castle, he and Banquo talk about how ‘pleasant’ a place it is to visit. They comment that the air ‘recommends itself’ and ‘is delicate’. This is ironic in view of Lady Macbeth’s words in the previous scene, and even more so when compared with that of the Witches say about the ‘fog and filthy air’ surrounding their evil deeds. Duncan also says that he is grateful for the ‘love’ which is shown to him. Here again, Shakespeare uses dramatic irony. The idea that Duncan feels safe and loved in the surroundings is ironic as this will be the scene of his murder. This creates a sense of anticipation for the audience. It shows Duncan’s naivety, as he keeps full trust in Macbeth and his ‘fair and noble hostess’. We are presented in this scene with images of tranquillity and the words ‘host’ and ‘guest’ are repeated. At the beginning of scene seven, we once again see the struggle between the forces of good and evil. Macbeth cannot make up his mind whether to kill Duncan and he wrestles with his conscience in his soliloquy. He knows that the murder would be wrong and would he would end up paying the price for his crime, but he has ‘vaulting ambition’ that is very persuasive to his conscience. Though Macbeth is driven by ‘his vaulting ambition’ he redeems himself and ‘will proceed no further in this business’, as Duncan’s murder will be ‘like angels, trumpet-tongu’d’ and heaven would be outraged. The verb ‘will’ shows Macbeth’s determination to keep his soul. Toward the end of his soliloquy Macbeth compares his excessive ambition to a horse that tries to jump too high and fall on the other side of the fence. Within the soliloquy Macbeth’s thoughts seem to be fragmented, this is shown by the use of many full stops. Lady Macbeth verbally assaults her husband using violent language that becomes heightened. She accuses him of being a ‘coward’ and questions his manhood: ‘when you durst do it’, she says, ‘ then you were a man’. She is forceful in her language and she conjures up images of horror. She knows, ‘How tender’tis love the babe that milks me: I would, While it was smiling in my face, Have pluck’d my nipple from boneless gums, and dash’d the brains out†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Lady Macbeth seems to have been granted her earlier wish to the evil spirits to ‘Fill me from the crown to the toe top-full Of direst cruelty’. Macbeth’s earlier decision not to kill Duncan crumbles under the scornful attack of his wife, especially when his bravery is questioned. However, he is still worried bout what will happen to then if they ‘should fail’. Shakespeare cleverly ends the scene with rhyming couplets. ‘Away, and mock the time with fairest show, False face must hide what the false heart doth know’. The rhyming couplets symbolise their connection with the Witches and evil as they complete their preparations for murder. The audience waits in anticipation. Throughout Act one Shakespeare creates an atmosphere of tension by exploring the theme of evil against good. Symbolism is used to emphasise this theme. Dramatic irony, dramatic language and strong descriptive scenes also help to build up an atmosphere of tension.